Hyponephele lycaon

(Rottemburg, 1775)

Dusky Meadow Brown

Description:
The Dusky Meadow Brown occurs in many different sorts of grassland. It is important that its habitat is dry and warm. In the north of its range, the grassland is steppe-like, and more to the south the butterfly is found on closer vegetation. It uses various grasses as food plant, including fescues (Festuca spp.), false-bromes (Brachypodium spp.), and Feather-grass (Stipa pinnata) and other Stipa species.
When the female is about to lay an egg, she first alights on the ground and walks to a food plant, then she chooses a low-hanging grass blade on which to deposit an egg. The caterpillar hibernates in the first larval instar and only starts feeding in the spring. At first, it feeds mainly during day, but when the weather gets too warm, it only feeds at night. Pupation takes place deep in the vegetation or litter layer.
The Dusky Meadow Brown is single-brooded.

Habitat:
Dry siliceous grasslands
Dry calcareous grasslands

Similar species:
Maniola jurtina
Hyponephele lupinus
Maniola nurag

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